Pontederia crassipes (formerly Eichhornia crassipes)
Scientific Name :Pontederia crassipes (formerly Eichhornia crassipes) Family: Pontederiaceae
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Quadrate Analysis for SEM 6 program
Make two qualitative and two quantitative data sheets on forest cover from the supplied table of the next page . [ Quantitative data sheet ( Quantitative characters : Habit and Colour of Flower - 3 ; Qualitative data sheet ( Qualitative characters : Frequency and Density -5 ; ] [ গুণগত তথ্য তালিকা ( গুণগত বৈশিষ্ট্যাবলি, গাছের প্রকৃতি ও ফুলের রং ) - 3 , পরিমাণগত তথ্য তালিকা ( পরিমাণগত বৈশিষ্ট্যাবলি : উদ্ভিদ প্রজাতির সংঘটন ও ঘনত্ব ) -5 )
FLIP-FLOP MOVEMENT
Flip flop movement : The flip-flop movement in cell membranes refers to the translocation of phospholipids between the inner and outer leaflets of the lipid bilayer. This process is essential for maintaining the structure and functionality of the cell membrane. Factors Affecting Flip-Flop Movement (a) Lipid Structure and Geometry : 1. The rate of flip-flop movement is influenced by the structure and geometry of the lipid molecules. 2. Cylindrical lipids (e.g., phosphatidylcholine) can undergo faster flip-flop compared to cone-shaped lipids (e.g., phosphatidylethanolamine). (b) Membrane Proteins : 1. The presence of membrane proteins can facilitate or inhibit the flip-flop movement of lipids. 2. Certain proteins, called flippases and scramblases, can actively transport lipids from one leaflet to the other. (c) Lipid Saturation : 1. Unsaturated lipids with cis double bonds tend to undergo slower flip-flop compared to saturated lipids due to their rigid structur...
Structure of cell membrane based on fluid mosaic model
Structure of cell membrane based on fluid mosaic model The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a crucial structure that surrounds and encloses the contents of a cell. It acts as a selective barrier, regulating the movement of molecules in and out of the cell, and plays a vital role in various cellular processes. The fluid mosaic model, proposed by Singer and Nicolson in 1972, provides a comprehensive explanation for the structure and dynamics of the cell membrane. The fluid mosaic model is a scientific explanation for the structure and function of cell membranes, describing the plasma membrane as a dynamic and flexible arrangement of various molecules. Here are the key components and features of the fluid mosaic model: Basic Structure and Components of Cell membrane The model identifies the cell membrane as a phospholipid bilayer, which is two molecules thick. Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules with a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and a hyd...