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Showing posts with the label ECONOMIC BOTANY MATERIAL

Objectives of Plant Breeding

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Major Objectives of Plant Breeding Program Plant breeding is an important branch of agricultural science. Its main purpose is to develop new and improved crop varieties. These improved varieties give better yield, better quality, and better resistance against diseases and harmful environmental conditions. A plant breeding program is planned according to the needs of farmers, consumers, industries, and climate. The major objectives of plant breeding are explained below in simple paragraph form. 1. Higher Yield The first and most important objective of plant breeding is to increase crop yield. Food demand is increasing due to rapid population growth, so breeders try to develop varieties that produce more grains, fruits, seeds, or biomass per unit area. High-yielding varieties help farmers earn more profit and improve food security. This is why yield improvement is considered the central objective of every breeding program. 2. Improved Quality Another major objective is to improve t...
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Most Common Cereals and Their Uses

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Most Common Cereals and Their Uses Cereals are the most important source of plant food to the human since since earliest time.The ancient civilizations were also dependent on several cereals. During their long period of cultivation their actual wild ancestors have been lost sight of, and countless new speciesand varieties have been evolved.In botanical literature cereals includes all the members of family Poaceae possessing the characterisiic fruit, Caryopsis. In this fruit the wall of the seed becomes fused with the ripening ovary wall to form the husk.The inseparable seed and ripening ovary wall is collectively known as “Grain”.Cereals are famous for nutritive values.These are the rich sources of carbohydrates,proteins,oils and vitamins. Cereals are widely used as principal food for almost all regions due to several reasons, viz., One or few of these cereals are available for each kind of climate; they also have a wide range of soil and moisture requirements; A little amount of l...
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