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Affinities of Anthoceros with other members.

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Affinities of Anthoceros with other members. Anthoceros shows affinity with algae, members of Hepticopsida and Bryopsida of Bryophyta and Pteridophyta.The affinity and relationship of Anthoceros with green algae lies in the presence of a single large chloroplast together with a pyrenoid in cach cell of the gametophyte and in the formation of biciliated sperms. Anthoceros shows affinity with members of Hepaticopsida such as Riccia, Marchantia, etc. in the construction and structure of sex organs and in the apical growth of the thallus.It has affinity with members of Bryopsida i.e. Polytrichum, in the structure such as presence of columella, reduction of sporogenous tissue etc. and development of sporogonium. The spore production from amphithecium resembles the condition of that in Sphagnum. Anthoceros also shows sunken archegonium and development of antheridium from hypodermal initial cell like Pteridophyta. Highly developed sporophyte having photosynthetic tissue, functional stomata, i...
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Fungi: Characteristics

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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI 1)They are cosmopolitan in distribution and can occur in any habitat where life  is possible. Some fungi occur in fresh or marine water, others are terrestrial  and still others are air borne. Many species are parasitic, infecting plants,  animals and human-beings. 2)The plant body of fungi typically consists of branched and filamentous hyphae,which form a net-like structure, known as mycelium. 3)The hyphae are aseptate and coenocytic (as in Phycomycetes) or septate and uni-. bi-or multinucleate (as in Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and  Deuteromycetes). 4) The septa usually have simple pores but in Basidiomycetes septa with dolipore occur. On both the sides of the dolipore, a double membranous structure -septal pore cap or parenthosome occurs. These septal pores form a valve like structure. 5) With the exception of slime molds, the protoplast remains surrounded by a distinct cell well. The main component of the cell wall is the fungal c...
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