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Pleomorphism of Lysosomes

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  Pleomorphism of Lysosomes Lysosomes show pleomorphism, which means they occur in many different forms according to their functional state. They are not always identical in shape, size, or contents. Their appearance changes depending on whether they are newly formed, involved in digestion, or storing undigested waste materials.  Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes. These enzymes digest proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and other cellular materials. Since lysosomes perform different digestive functions inside the cell, they appear in different structural forms. This property is called pleomorphism.  The main pleomorphic forms of lysosomes are primary lysosomes, secondary lysosomes, autophagic vacuoles, and residual bodies. Primary lysosomes are newly formed lysosomes produced by the Golgi apparatus. They contain inactive hydrolytic enzymes and have not yet taken part in digestion. They are small, spherical vesicles surround...
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Prinnciples of Pure Line Selection

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  Pure Line Selection   Pure line selection is one of the oldest and most important methods of plant breeding. It is mainly used for the improvement of self-pollinated crops. In agriculture, many crop plants show natural variation in characters such as plant height, maturity, grain size, seed colour, disease resistance, and yield. A plant breeder studies this variation and selects the best plant from the available population. When the selected superior plant is self-pollinated generation after generation, its progeny becomes highly uniform and stable. This uniform and genetically similar group of plants is called a pure line.   The concept of pure line selection has played a major role in the development of improved crop varieties. It helped breeders convert variable local populations into uniform and high-performing varieties. The method is simple, scientific, and economical, so it has remained a fundamental topic in plant breeding courses. For undergraduate stud...
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