Prinnciples of Pure Line Selection

  Pure Line Selection   Pure line selection is one of the oldest and most important methods of plant breeding. It is mainly used for the improvement of self-pollinated crops. In agriculture, many crop plants show natural variation in characters such as plant height, maturity, grain size, seed colour, disease resistance, and yield. A plant breeder studies this variation and selects the best plant from the available population. When the selected superior plant is self-pollinated generation after generation, its progeny becomes highly uniform and stable. This uniform and genetically similar group of plants is called a pure line.   The concept of pure line selection has played a major role in the development of improved crop varieties. It helped breeders convert variable local populations into uniform and high-performing varieties. The method is simple, scientific, and economical, so it has remained a fundamental topic in plant breeding courses. For undergraduate stud...

Nucleus: Chemical constituents

 Chemical constituents of Nucleus


Nucleus is called apparatus of heredity. It is the largest extractoplasmic component of cell which contains all the genetic information to control morphology, function and heredity. It is called control room / director/heart of cell. A nucleus in metabolic phase (nondividing phase) I phase is called interphase nucleus. It is not an organelle of cell but component of protoplasm or called extractoplasmic organelle .

Nucleus has DNA 9-12 % , RNA 5 % , Lipids 3 % and Ca , Mg , Mn , Na , P , Fe and K , 80 % proteins (65 % acidic non-histone which have height mol. wt., rich in tyrosine and tryptophan, forms enzymes, and helps in transciption of dNA to form RNA ; 15 % proteins are basic like, histone proteins of low mol. wt ., rich in lysine and arginine), DNA : histone ratio is roughly 1 : 1 . Histones neutralize acidity of nucleic acid and prevent transcription of dNA . Histones are structural proteins and suppress genes . Non- histones are functional proteins and activate genes . Nucleus is stained with basic dyes like acetocarmine, haemotoxylin. It is nucleoprotein of nucleus that takes stain of these nuclear basic dyes . Ca ++ is must for nucleolus and chromosome configuration . Mg++ and Mn++ are required for DNA synthesis .


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