IUCN

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resource (IUCN) plays a pivotal role in global biodiversity conservation by providing authoritative assessments and frameworks that guide environmental policy and scientific research. Established as a global authority, the IUCN’s primary contribution is its Red List of Threatened Species, which categorizes species based on their extinction risk. This categorization helps prioritize conservation efforts, informs sustainable development policies, and supports ecosystem management strategies worldwide. The Red List operates on a rigorous scientific methodology that evaluates species against criteria such as population size, rate of decline, geographic range, and degree of population fragmentation. These criteria place species in categories ranging from Least Concern to Critically Endangered, with some species classified as Extinct or Extinct in the Wild. This systematic approach provides a standardized language for conser...

Nucleus: Chemical constituents

 Chemical constituents of Nucleus


Nucleus is called apparatus of heredity. It is the largest extractoplasmic component of cell which contains all the genetic information to control morphology, function and heredity. It is called control room / director/heart of cell. A nucleus in metabolic phase (nondividing phase) I phase is called interphase nucleus. It is not an organelle of cell but component of protoplasm or called extractoplasmic organelle .

Nucleus has DNA 9-12 % , RNA 5 % , Lipids 3 % and Ca , Mg , Mn , Na , P , Fe and K , 80 % proteins (65 % acidic non-histone which have height mol. wt., rich in tyrosine and tryptophan, forms enzymes, and helps in transciption of dNA to form RNA ; 15 % proteins are basic like, histone proteins of low mol. wt ., rich in lysine and arginine), DNA : histone ratio is roughly 1 : 1 . Histones neutralize acidity of nucleic acid and prevent transcription of dNA . Histones are structural proteins and suppress genes . Non- histones are functional proteins and activate genes . Nucleus is stained with basic dyes like acetocarmine, haemotoxylin. It is nucleoprotein of nucleus that takes stain of these nuclear basic dyes . Ca ++ is must for nucleolus and chromosome configuration . Mg++ and Mn++ are required for DNA synthesis .


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