Biological World

  1. Which cells have routinely used to understand structure of plasma membrane? a) Neurons                    b) Mylein cells c) RBC                         d) Stem cells   2. Cholesterol contributes to which of the following properties of biological membranes of animals? a) Membrane rigidity   b) Membrane fluidity c) Membrane permeability d) Membrane osmolarity   3. Cell membrane is always a) Static condition b) Dynamic condition c) Partially static condition      d) Fragmented structure   4. Which of the following statements concerning biological membrane is correct? a) Aquaporins are hollow pore b) Lipid composition of two layers of the membrane equilibrate c) The membrane is most fluid at the surface d) Fli...

 

 

 

  Mycorrhizas are mutualistic relationships formed by soil fungus and plant roots. Almost all plant species benefit from advantageous relationships formed by specialised root-inhabiting fungus. These fungi infiltrate feeder root tissues and generate modified roots known as mycorrhizae (fungus roots), which considerably improve nutrient and water absorption efficiency. In natural soils, most plants require mycorrhizae for normal growth and development. Members of the fungal kingdom (Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Basidiomycetes) and most vascular plants are partners in this interaction. Arbuscular and ectomycorrhizae are the most frequent and ubiquitous of the seven varieties of mycorrhizae (arbuscular, ecto, ectendo, arbutoid, monotropoid, ericoid, orchidaceous mycorrhizae).  Ectomycorrhizas : The hyphae of ectomycorrhizal fungi do not penetrate individual root cells in ectomycorrhizas. Ectomycorrhizas consist of a hyphal membrane, or mantle, that covers the root tip and a Hart...

  Morchella esculenta Morchella esculenta is a member of morchellanceae family commonly known as Guchhi. It is commonly present as a mycorrhiza or saprobic relationship with hardwood and coniferous trees at an altitude of 2500-3500m, recorded from temperate region, Asia, Himalayan Mountains, Europe, Mediterranean countries and in America. It has various therapeutic uses due to it’s pharmacological properties. Morchella esculenta can be used as  antioxidant , antitumor, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, anti diabetic and anti inflammatory, it also act as an immune stimulant due to the presence of various active constituents (Maryam Ajmal).  Members of the genus  Morchella , commonly known as morels, are one of the most highly priced edible mushrooms in the world ( Negi, 2006 ;  Duncan et al., 2002 ).  Morchella esculenta  (L.) Pers. (Morchellaceae), an excellently edible mushroom growing in temperate regions, is considered to be a delicacy. In Indi...

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