Practical: Study of Nostoc

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 Practical: Study of Nostoc Nostoc is a filamentous, photosynthetic cyanobacterium. It commonly occurs in freshwater, moist soil, wet rocks and other damp habitats. Colonies are usually gelatinous because numerous filaments remain embedded in a mucilaginous matrix. Materials Required Fresh or preserved Nostoc material, clean glass slide, cover slip, dropper, dissecting needle, water, blotting paper and compound microscope. Procedure Take a small quantity of Nostoc colony with the help of a dissecting needle and place it on a clean glass slide. Add one or two drops of water and gently tease the material so that the filaments become separated. Place a cover slip carefully over the material without trapping air bubbles. Remove excess water with blotting paper. First observe the preparation under low power and then under high power of the compound microscope. Observations The plant body of Nostoc is thalloid and usually forms a soft, jelly-like colony. A colony contains numerous ...

Affinity of Gymnosperms with Angiosperms

 Affinity of Gymnosperms with Angiosperms

The gymnosperms resemble the angiosperms by the following features :

( 1 ) Both the groups , include trees and shrubs and may be erect , scandent or climbing .

( 2 ) The root system is well developed and the roots may be diarch , triarch , tetrarch or polyarch . The roots possess secondary growth . The xylem is exarch in the roots .

( 3 ) The stele of the stem is eustelic . The secondary growth is present in the stem . The secondary wood may be monoxylic or polyxylic.

( 4 ) Both the groups , produce seeds.

( 5 ) Both the groups are heterosporous and posses endosporic and reduced gametophytes .

( 6 ) The megaspore is in organic connection with the megasporangium and is never shed .

( 7 ) The nucellus is surrounded by an integument to form an ovule. The ovule has a micropyle and may be stalked or sessile.

( 8 ) The pollen grains grow into pollen tubes . 

( 9 ) The male gametes are non - motile in majority of gymnosperms and all angiosperms .

( 10 ) The male gametophytes are highly reduced . Gnetum lacks prothallus cells .

( 11 ) The germination of the spores is precocious . 

( 12 ) The embryogeny is endoscopic .  




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