Reproductive Structures of Pteridophyte

  Reproductive Structures of Pteridophyte The Pteridophyte sporophyte, besides being a prominent component of soil and vegetation, is an important ornamental plant in gardens and lawns. Indoors, its gracefulness and shape fit it ideally as a plant for pot culture in hallways and living rooms, especially during the months of November to March. Transportation of whole plants from one place to another without damage is attempted by packing them in sand, decomposed silt, ashes, or sawdust. Despite their rich horticultural value, many Pteridophytes are vanishing from nature due to indiscriminate destruction of their natural habitats and capturing of species for ornamental purposes. The best means of conservation is an adequate botanical knowledge of these plants, together with their habitats. The approaches of the non-destructive collection of herbarium specimens are now being stressed. The collection is also supplemented with data regarding the locality and habitat, so as to make it de...

Affinity of Gymnosperms with Pteridophytes

Affinity of Gymnosperms with Pteridophytes : 

The gymnosperms resemble the pteridophytes by the following features :


(1) Both possess independent sporophytes which are differentiated into root , stem and leaves . Both the groups exhibit heterosporous life cycle .

(2) The sporophytes possess a well developed vascular system such as xylem and phloem . The xylem in most of the members of groups lacks vessels and the phloem lacks companion cells .

(3) Many Cycads resemble the ferns in possesing large compound leaves and the in the circinate ptyxis of the leaves . Dichotomous venation in Ginkgo and ferns .

(4) The female sex organs are archegonia in both the groups .

(5) The male gametes of Cycads and Ginko are motile , like the pteridophytes . 

(6) Many pteridophytes like Marselia,Salvinia , Azolla, Isoetes and Selaginella are heterosporous like the gymnosperms .


( 7 ) Some of the heterosporous pteridophytes possess one megaspore in the megasporangium , like the gymnosperms .

( 8 ) The gametophytes of gymnosperms and heterosporous pteridophytes are endosporic .

(9) In both , the gametophytes are highly reduced and they are developed within the spore wall in some pteridophytes . The male gametophytes of heterosporous pteridophytes and majority of gymnosperms possess only two male prothallial cells .

(10) The female prothallus develops before fertilization and there is free nuclear division .

( 11 ) Development of a distinct embryo after fertilization . The embryogeny is endoscopic in many pteridophytes and all gymnosperms .

( 12 ) Germination of spores is precocious in gymnosperms and heterosporous pteridophytes . 

( 13 ) In the life-history, both sporophytic and gametophytic generations alternate regularly with each other .










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